At birth, the brain contains almost all the neurons it will ever have. However, neural pathways continue to form and synapses are pruned throughout early development. If the proper growth and pruning of these pathways is disrupted, problems can occur in brain development.

Prenatal Problems

1. Maternal drug use, poor nutrition, lack of oxygen, and exposure to diseases and toxins can cause babies to be born with abnormal or underdeveloped brains.

Malnutrition

2. An infant must have proper nutrition. Whether a child is breast-fed or formula-fed, a pediatrician should monitor his health throughout infancy to ensure he is getting the proper nutrition.

Disease

3. Many common diseases, such as the flu, can alter brain development in infants. Any disease that causes a high fever can affect an infant’s brain dramatically.

Maternal Drug Use

4. Even after birth, infants can be exposed to drugs through breastmilk. Babies’ brain development can be stunted by these drugs. Infants can also become addicted, which will have a dramatic affect on brain growth as well.

Environmental Toxins

5. Toxins, such as lead and carbon dioxide, may be present in a home or childcare facility. These poisons can cause severe, permanent neurological damage, or even death. Parents and caregivers must be proactive in preventing infant exposure to these toxins.

Neglect/Lack of Stimulation

6. Babies who are not talked to, cuddled, changed regularly or given adequate attention can suffer many damaging effects, including mental retardation, speech/language deficits and other developmental delays.